The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, continues to captivate shooters. Its power and versatility make it ideal for hunting large game, target shooting, and even Cowboy Action Shooting. While factory ammunition is readily available, many find the satisfaction and cost-effectiveness of reloading their own ammunition, particularly with cast bullets. This guide delves into the world of .45-70 cast bullet load data, providing crucial information for safe and successful reloading. We will cover various bullet weights, powder choices, and crucial safety considerations. Remember, always consult your reloading manual before attempting any reloading. This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace proper training and manual consultation.
Understanding Cast Bullet Construction and Properties
Cast bullets offer several advantages: they are relatively inexpensive to produce, readily available in various designs, and offer excellent accuracy in the right load. However, understanding their properties is essential for safe and effective reloading.
Alloy Composition: The Foundation of Performance
The alloy composition significantly impacts bullet hardness, accuracy, and leading (bullet metal depositing in the barrel). Common alloys include:
- Pure Lead: Soft, accurate, but prone to leading. Ideal for lower velocity loads.
- Linotype: A harder alloy containing lead, antimony, and tin. Offers a good balance between hardness and accuracy.
- Wheel Weight Alloy: A readily available and economical alloy often used for cast bullets. It's harder than linotype but can be more prone to leading at higher velocities.
The hardness of the alloy is crucial. Too soft, and you'll experience leading; too hard, and you risk damaging your barrel. A properly chosen alloy for your specific load is critical.
Bullet Design: Weight and Shape Matter
Bullet weight significantly impacts the energy and trajectory of your load. Common weights for .45-70 cast bullets range from 300 grains to 500 grains and beyond. Bullet shape also plays a significant role. Round nose, flat nose, and even hollow point designs are available, each affecting accuracy and performance.
- Round Nose (RN): A classic design, generally accurate and suitable for various applications.
- Flat Nose (FN): Often preferred for hunting due to its greater ability to transfer energy upon impact.
- Hollow Point (HP): Designed for controlled expansion, increasing its effectiveness on game.
Sizing and Lubrication: Critical Steps
Proper sizing ensures the bullet fits the bore diameter, while lubrication prevents leading and friction. Sizing should be done with a proper sizing die that matches your bullet diameter and your barrel's groove diameter. Lubrication can be achieved using various methods, including powder coating, liquid alox, or traditional lube methods. Incorrect sizing or lubrication can lead to accuracy issues and barrel damage.
Powder Selection: The Heart of the Load
Powder selection is critical for safe and optimal performance. The powder's burn rate must match the bullet's weight and the firearm's specifications. Incorrect powder selection can lead to dangerous pressures. Popular powders used in .45-70 cast bullet loads include:
- IMR 4198: A versatile powder suitable for a broad range of bullet weights and velocities.
- Accurate No. 5744: Another popular choice known for its clean burning properties.
- Hodgdon 4198: Similar to IMR 4198, offers consistent performance.
- Unique Powder: A slower-burning powder suitable for heavier bullets.
- Trail Boss: A very low pressure powder, ideal for reduced recoil and mild loads.
Always consult your reloading manual for recommended powder charges for your specific bullet and powder combination.
Sample Load Data (Disclaimer: This is for illustrative purposes only. Always refer to your reloading manual.)
The following table provides sample load data. Do not use this data without consulting a trusted reloading manual and verifying it with your specific components.
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Powder (type) | Powder Charge (grains) | Primer | COL (inches) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 | IMR 4198 | 35 | CCI 200 | 2.560 | Start load. Work up carefully. |
| 405 | Unique | 38 | CCI 200 | 2.560 | Start load. Work up carefully. |
| 500 | Trail Boss | 25 | CCI 200 | 2.560 | Start load. Work up carefully. |
COL refers to Cartridge Overall Length. Measuring this precisely is critical for safe and consistent performance.
Safety Precautions: Reloading is Serious Business
Reloading is a rewarding but inherently dangerous activity. Always follow these safety precautions:
- Consult your reloading manual: This is paramount.
- Wear safety glasses: Protect your eyes from potential dangers.
- Use a powder scale: Accurately measure your powder charges.
- Work in a clean and well-ventilated area: Prevent accidents and inhaling powder.
- Never overload a case: This is a major safety hazard.
- Inspect your loaded ammunition carefully: Look for any anomalies.
- Start with minimum loads: Work your way up gradually, carefully observing the results.
- Keep your loading area organized: Reduce the risk of accidents.
Conclusion: Mastering the Art of .45-70 Cast Bullet Reloading
Reloading .45-70 ammunition with cast bullets is a rewarding endeavor that allows for customization and cost savings. However, safety and precision are paramount. Always prioritize consulting reliable sources, diligently following instructions, and never compromising safety. By combining a thorough understanding of cast bullet properties, powder selection, and meticulous reloading techniques, you can enjoy the power and accuracy of your .45-70 with confidence. Remember, responsible reloading practices are key to a successful and safe experience.