The .450 Bushmaster and the .45-70 Government represent powerful cartridges in the world of hunting and self-defense, but they cater to different needs and preferences. This in-depth comparison will explore their strengths and weaknesses, helping you decide which cartridge best suits your requirements. Both the .450 Bushmaster and the .45-70 Government are known for their hard-hitting power, but their applications and ballistic characteristics differ significantly.
Ballistics and Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Understanding the ballistic differences is crucial in determining the best cartridge for your needs. Let's break it down:
| Feature | .450 Bushmaster | .45-70 Government |
|---|---|---|
| Caliber | .450 caliber | .45 caliber |
| Case Length | Shorter | Significantly Longer |
| Muzzle Velocity | Generally higher (depending on barrel length) | Generally lower (depending on barrel length) |
| Recoil | Moderate to High (manageable for most shooters) | High (requires significant practice and strength) |
| Trajectory | Flatter | More arched |
| Effective Range | Moderate (around 200-300 yards depending on load) | Longer (300+ yards depending on load and shooter) |
Case Study: A hunter using a .450 Bushmaster for deer hunting at 150 yards will experience a flatter trajectory compared to a hunter using a .45-70 Government for the same shot. The flatter trajectory translates to easier aiming and less holdover adjustment.
Muzzle Energy: The Punch
Both cartridges deliver substantial energy, but the .450 Bushmaster generally achieves higher muzzle velocities, translating to more kinetic energy at shorter ranges. The .45-70 Government, however, leverages its heavier bullet weight to maintain significant energy at longer ranges.
Recoil Management: A Key Consideration
The .45-70 Government's significantly higher recoil demands more practice and physical strength. While the .450 Bushmaster also has considerable recoil, it's more manageable for most shooters, allowing for faster follow-up shots. This is particularly important in hunting scenarios where multiple shots might be necessary.
Applications and Use Cases
The choice between these two powerful cartridges hinges heavily on the intended use:
.450 Bushmaster: The Versatile Choice
- Home Defense: While not ideal for close quarters combat, its stopping power is substantial and more manageable recoil compared to .45-70 Government makes it a slightly better choice for home defense among the two.
- Hunting: Excellent for medium-sized game like deer, hogs, and black bears at moderate ranges. Its flatter trajectory makes precise shots easier.
- Accuracy: Generally more accurate at closer to moderate ranges than the .45-70.
.45-70 Government: The Long-Range Powerhouse
- Hunting: Ideal for larger game like elk, moose, and even brown bears at longer ranges due to its retained energy.
- Long-Range Shooting: With the right loads, it can reach extended ranges, although accuracy demands precise shooting skills.
- Recoil: This is a serious consideration, requiring substantial practice and physical conditioning.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Ammunition for both cartridges is readily available, but the .450 Bushmaster might offer slightly more readily available choices in modern projectile designs. The .45-70 Government, due to its long history, boasts a broad range of traditional and modern loads. Prices can vary depending on manufacturer and demand.
Weaponry and Platforms
Both cartridges are chambered in various rifles, from modern sporting rifles (MSRs) to lever-action rifles and even shotguns with appropriate adapters. Choosing the right firearm depends on intended use, personal preference, and budget. The .450 Bushmaster often appears in more modern platforms designed for ease of use and customization, while .45-70 Government is found in both modern and classic lever action designs.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The best cartridge — the .450 Bushmaster or .45-70 Government — depends entirely on your intended use and shooting capabilities. The .450 Bushmaster excels in versatility, moderate recoil, and flatter trajectory for medium-sized game and defensive applications. The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, offers superior stopping power at longer ranges for larger game, but demands more from the shooter in terms of recoil management and shooting skill. Carefully consider your needs and limitations before making your choice.