The .45-70 Government and the .450 Marlin are both powerful lever-action cartridges known for their stopping power, making them popular choices for hunting large game. While sharing a similar caliber, their performance, applications, and recoil characteristics differ significantly. This in-depth comparison will explore the nuances of each cartridge to help you decide which best suits your needs.
Understanding the Ballistics: .45-70 vs. .450 Marlin
Both cartridges utilize a .45 caliber bullet, but their case design, powder capacity, and resulting ballistics tell a different story.
.45-70 Government: A Legacy of Power
The .45-70 Government, a venerable round dating back to 1873, boasts a long and storied history. Its bottlenecked case design allows for a significant powder charge, yielding impressive energy.
- Key Ballistics (with a 300-grain bullet):
- Velocity: ~1800-2200 fps (depending on barrel length and load)
- Energy: ~1800-2500 ft-lbs
- Recoil: Substantial, demanding practice and proper technique.
The .45-70's versatility is its strength. Modern ammunition offers a wide range of bullet weights and designs, from heavy, hard-cast bullets ideal for large, dangerous game to lighter, softer projectiles suited for hunting smaller animals. Its power makes it effective at longer ranges than many other lever-action rounds.
.450 Marlin: A Modern Contender
The .450 Marlin, introduced in 2000, represents a more modern approach to large-bore lever-action cartridges. Its straight-walled case design, while slightly shorter than the .45-70, allows for impressive power in a more compact package.
- Key Ballistics (with a 300-grain bullet):
- Velocity: ~2000-2200 fps
- Energy: ~2000-2400 ft-lbs
- Recoil: Very strong, potentially more punishing than the .45-70 for some shooters.
The .450 Marlin's advantage lies in its flatter trajectory and reduced recoil compared to some heavier .45-70 loads. The straight-walled case is also well-suited for feeding in lever-action rifles.
Comparing Recoil and Handling
Recoil is a significant consideration when choosing between these powerful cartridges. Both deliver a noticeable kick, but the feel is different.
Recoil Comparison:
| Cartridge | Recoil Characteristics |
|---|---|
| .45-70 Gov't | Substantial, often felt as a strong push. Heavier loads increase recoil significantly. |
| .450 Marlin | Sharper, quicker recoil impulse. Felt more in the shoulder. |
While the .450 Marlin might feel slightly snappier, the actual recoil energy can be comparable, depending on the specific load used in each cartridge. Proper shooting technique and the use of recoil pads are crucial regardless of your choice.
Choosing the Right Cartridge for Your Needs
The best cartridge depends entirely on your intended use.
When to choose the .45-70 Government:
- Hunting larger game: Its versatility with various bullet weights makes it suitable for hunting everything from deer to bear.
- Longer-range shots: The heavier bullets maintain energy over longer distances.
- Use in older, classic lever-actions: Many older rifles are designed specifically for this cartridge.
When to choose the .450 Marlin:
- More compact and modern firearm: The .450 Marlin is designed for more modern rifles.
- Shorter-range hunting: Its flatter trajectory is advantageous within typical hunting ranges.
- Reduced felt recoil (for some): The faster recoil impulse can be preferable to the longer push of the .45-70 for some shooters.
Conclusion: No Single "Best" Cartridge
There's no universally superior cartridge; the .45-70 Gov't and .450 Marlin each offer distinct advantages. Carefully consider your intended use, experience level, and personal preferences before making your decision. Spend time at the range with both (if possible) to experience the recoil difference firsthand. This will ensure you choose the cartridge that's best suited to your hunting style and shooting comfort.