Introduction:
The .40 Smith & Wesson (S&W) cartridge, known for its potent stopping power, is a popular choice among handgun enthusiasts. Many reloaders find satisfaction and cost savings in crafting their own ammunition, particularly with heavier projectiles like the 180-grain lead bullet. This guide provides comprehensive load data for the .40 S&W using 180-grain lead bullets, focusing on safety, accuracy, and optimal performance. Remember, always prioritize safety when reloading and consult your reloading manual before attempting any load. This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional guidance.
Understanding Lead Bullet Reloading for .40 S&W
Reloading with lead bullets offers several advantages: cost-effectiveness, the potential for improved accuracy (with proper techniques), and a softer recoil impulse compared to jacketed bullets. However, it's crucial to understand the unique considerations involved.
Lead Bullet Properties:
- Softness: Lead is significantly softer than jacketed bullets. This means it's more susceptible to deformation during firing, impacting accuracy if not properly loaded.
- Lubrication: Lead bullets require lubrication to prevent leading in the barrel. This involves using a suitable lubricant on the bullets before loading. Failure to do so can lead to fouling and accuracy issues.
- Toxicity: Lead is toxic. Take appropriate safety precautions, including wearing gloves, eye protection, and a well-ventilated workspace. Proper cleaning of your equipment afterward is crucial.
Choosing the Right Components:
Selecting quality components is critical for safe and accurate reloading. Here's what you should consider:
- Bullet: Ensure your 180-grain lead bullets are sized correctly for your .40 S&W barrel. This is typically .401" diameter. Deformed or damaged bullets should be discarded.
- Powder: Several powders work well with 180-grain lead bullets in .40 S&W. Common choices include (but are not limited to) Titegroup, Power Pistol, and Unique. Consult your reloading manual for specific powder recommendations and load data.
- Primers: Use standard small pistol primers. Avoid magnum primers unless specifically recommended in your load data.
- Cases: Clean and properly prepared cases are essential. Inspect for any cracks or damage.
Sample Load Data (Disclaimer: Use with Caution)
Disclaimer: The following data is for informational purposes only. It's essential to cross-reference this information with your own reloading manual before attempting any loads. Never exceed the maximum recommended load data provided in your manual. Improper reloading practices can lead to serious injury or death.
The data below is just an example and may not be suitable for your specific firearm or components. Always start with minimum loads and work your way up, carefully checking for pressure signs.
| Powder | Weight (Grains) | Primer | COL (inches) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Titegroup | 4.5 - 5.0 | Small Pistol | 1.125 - 1.135 | Start low, work up slowly |
| Power Pistol | 5.2 - 5.8 | Small Pistol | 1.125 - 1.135 | Start low, work up slowly |
| Unique | 5.5 - 6.0 | Small Pistol | 1.125 - 1.135 | Start low, work up slowly |
COL stands for Cartridge Overall Length.
Understanding Load Data Variables:
- Powder Weight: The amount of powder used in each round, measured in grains. This is a crucial factor in determining pressure and velocity.
- Primer Type: The type of primer used (small pistol, large pistol, magnum, etc.).
- COL: The overall length of the loaded cartridge. This should be consistent to ensure proper feeding and function in your firearm. Too short, or too long can cause malfunctions.
Safety Precautions and Best Practices
- Start low, work up: Begin with the minimum powder charge listed in your reloading manual and gradually increase it.
- Observe pressure signs: Watch for signs of excessive pressure, such as flattened primers, unusually loud reports, excessive recoil, or excessive barrel fouling. If you see any of these, stop immediately.
- Proper case preparation: Ensure cases are clean, inspected, and properly sized.
- Use a scale: Accurately weigh each powder charge using a reliable powder scale. Consistency is crucial.
- Wear safety equipment: Always wear safety glasses, gloves, and a hearing protector. Reload in a well-ventilated area.
- Clean your equipment: Thoroughly clean all your reloading equipment after each session to prevent lead contamination.
- Store ammunition properly: Keep your reloaded ammunition in a cool, dry place, away from children and pets.
Troubleshooting and Common Issues
Even with careful reloading techniques, problems can arise. Here are some common issues and potential solutions:
- Leading: Excessive leading (lead buildup in the barrel) is a common problem with lead bullets. Ensure proper lubrication and consider using a harder lead alloy or a gas check.
- Accuracy Issues: Inaccurate loads can stem from inconsistent powder charges, improper bullet seating, or damaged bullets. Check your equipment and technique.
- Function Issues: Malfunctions like failure to feed or extract might be due to improper COL or other loading errors. Double-check your work against the reloading manual.
Conclusion:
Reloading .40 S&W with 180-grain lead bullets can be a rewarding and economical pursuit. However, it requires meticulous attention to detail, safety, and adherence to proper reloading techniques. Always prioritize safety, consult your reloading manual, and carefully follow all the steps outlined above. Remember, this is not a substitute for professional guidance or a comprehensive reloading course. Never compromise on safety.